<p><b>''An outstanding history ... one of the best writers on the First World War'' <i>Simon Sebag Montefiore</i></b><br><br><b>Shortlisted for the Duke of Westminster Medal for Military Literature<br></b><br><i>The Ottoman Endgame</i> is the first, and definitive, single-volume history of the Ottoman empire''s agonising war for survival. Beginning with Italy''s invasion of Ottoman Tripoli in September 1911, the Empire was in a permanent state of emergency, with hardly a frontier not under direct threat. Assailed by enemies on all sides, the Empire-which had for generations been assumed to be a rotten shell-proved to be strikingly resilient, beating off major attacks at Gallipoli and in Mesopotamia before finally being brought down in the general ruin of the Central Powers in 1918. <br><br>As the Europeans planned to partition all its lands between them and with even Istanbul seemingly helpless in the face of the triumphant Entente, an absolutely unexpected entity emerged: modern Turke