The Italian City-Republics av Trevor Dean, Daniel Waley

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<P>Now in its fifth edition, <I>The Italian City Republics </I>illustrates how, from the eleventh century onwards, many Italian towns achieved independence as political entities, unhindered by any centralising power. Until the fourteenth century, when the regimes of individual ''tyrants'' took over in most towns, these communes were the scene of a precocious, and very well-documented, experiment in republican self-government.</P><P></P><P>In this new edition, Trevor Dean has expanded the book''s treatment of women and gender, the early history of the communes and the lives of non-¿tes. Focusing on the typical medium-sized towns rather than the better-known cities, the authors draw on a rich variety of contemporary material, both documentary and literary, to portray the world of the communes, illustrating the patriotism and public spirit as well as the equally characteristic factional strife which was to tear them apart. Discussion of the artistic and social lives of the inhabitants sho