<p>Published in 1967, as the early triumphs of the Civil Rights movement yielded to increasing frustration and violence, <i>The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual </i>electrified a generation of activists and intellectuals. <br><br>The product of a lifetime of struggle and reflection, Cruse''s book is a singular amalgam of cultural history, passionate disputation, and deeply considered analysis of the relationship between American blacks and American society.<br><br> Reviewing black intellectual life from the Harlem Renaissance through the 1960s, Cruse discusses the legacy (and offers memorably acid-edged portraits) of figures such as Paul Robeson, Lorraine Hansberry, and James Baldwin, arguing that their work was marked by a failure to understand the specifically American character of racism in the United States. <br><br>This supplies the background to Cruse''s controversial critique of both integrationism and black nationalism and to his claim that black Americans will only assume a ju