This book examines how firms adapt to the pressures of increasing international competition by testing the arguments on ''strategy specialization'' proposed in the competitiveness literature in general, and by contributors to the ''varieties of capitalism'' debate in particular. If different economies are characterized by distinct institutional arrangements, successful firms would be those that exploit the related comparative advantages and specialize in the competitivestrategies facilitated by national institutions.One Political Economy, One Competitive Strategy? begins with an assessment of how many pharmaceutical firms in Germany, Italy, and the UK pursue strategies facilitated by national institutions governing the financial markets, antitrust activities, and the labour market. Quantitative analyses reveal that deviant firms, competing through institutionally unsupported strategies, outnumber conforming firms by far. Not only does this finding run counter to the expectations of the