Lutzen av Peter H. (Chichele Professor of the History of War University of Oxford) Wilson

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The Thirty Years'' War (1618-48) was Europe''s most destructive conflict prior to the two world wars. Two of European history''s greatest generals faced each other at L¿tzen in November 1632, mid-way through this terrible war. Neither achieved his objective. Albrecht von Wallenstein withdrew his battered imperial army at nightfall, unaware that his opponent, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, had died a few hours earlier. The indecisive military outcome found an immediate echo in image and print, and became the object of political and historical disputes. Swedish propaganda swiftly fostered the lasting image of the king''s sacrifice for the Protestant cause against the spectre of Catholic Habsburg ''universal monarchy''. The standard assumption that the king had ''met his death in the hour of victory'' became integral to how Gustavus Adolphus''s contribution to modern warfare has been remembered, even celebrated, while the study of L¿tzen''s wider legacy shows how such events are consta