<I><P>Criminal Law: Historical, Ethical, and Moral Foundations</I>, 3<SUP>rd</SUP> edition, blends legal and moral reasoning in the examination of crimes and explores the history relating to jurisprudence and roots of criminal law. In order to fully grasp criminal law concepts, students must go beyond mere rote memorization of the penal code and endeavor to understand where the laws originate from and how they have developed. This book fosters discussions of controversial issues and delivers abridged case law decisions that target the essence of appellate rulings.</P><P></P><P>Grounded in the Model Penal Code, making the text national in scope, this volume examines:</P><P></P><UL><UL><P><LI>Why the criminal codes originated, and the moral, religious, spiritual, and human influences that led to our present system</LI><P></P><P><LI>How crimes are described in the modern criminal justice model</LI><P></P><P><LI>The two essential elements necessary for criminal culpability:<I> actus reus <