This collection of essays showcases the most important and influential philosophical works of the ancient and medieval period, roughly from 600 BC to AD 1600. Each chapter takes a particular work of philosophy and discusses its proponent, its content and central arguments. These are: Plato''s Republic; Aristotle'' Nichomachean Ethics; Lucretius'' On the Nature of the Universe; Sextus Emperiicus'' Outlines of Pyrrhonism; Plotinus'' The Enneads; Augustine''s City of God; Anselm''s Proslogion; Aquinas'' Summa Theologia; Duns Scotus'' Ordinatio; William of Ockham''s Summa Logicae .