<p>This comprehensive resource derives physics-based microscale model equations,</p><p>then continuum-scale model equations, and finally reduced-order model equations.</p><p>This book describes the commonly used equivalent-circuit-type battery model</p><p>and develops equations for superior physics-based models of lithium-ion cells at</p><p>different length scales.</p><p><br></p><p>This book presents a breakthrough technology called the discrete-time realization</p><p>algorithm that automatically converts physics-based models into high-fidelity</p><p>approximate reduced-order models. These reduced-order models have similar</p><p>computational complexity to equivalent-circuit-type models, but can also predict</p><p>electrochemical variables at any spatial location inside the cell.</p>