<P>This focused study is one of the few analytical resources in English that covers the ancient and early medieval history of one of the least studied areas of the vast mountainous Pamir region of Central Asia: Shughnan.</P><P>The book brings together scattered fragments of information from a wide range of early Greek, Chinese, Persian, and Arabic sources, the accounts of early European travellers and the scholarly contributions of Soviet and post-Soviet authors, as well as personal accounts and oral history material from the region. Drawing on historical, archaeological, linguistic, and ethnographic data, it provides a holistic overview of the kingdom of Shughnan. It also attempts, for the first time, to identify and locate the town of Kuh¿ which the Chinese historical chronicle, the <I>T¿ Shu</I> (<I>Book of the Tang Dynasty</I>, 618-907 <SUB><SUP>CE</SUP></SUB>) describes as the ''first capital'' of Shughnan. Many archaeological sites are examined and offered as potential candidates